T1—Introduction to Cargo Transportation for Forwarders (Global)
Subscriber price: $211.00, Non-subscriber price: $269.00
Estimated total study time: 14 hours 28 minutes
This course is designed as a primer for entry-level personnel who are or will be involved in any mode of commercial cargo transportation. It should also be taken as a foundation by anyone planning to take more advanced cargo-related courses.
Note: Students who have or will take the GISTnet "jump start" air and ocean forwarder training courses should not be assigned this training as much of the same material is covered in the "jump-start" training.
Our Role as Transportation Intermediaries
This course looks at the world of international cargo transportation from the perspective of the various "players" and most specifically that of an international freight forwarder. This lesson sets up our topic by focusing on the knowledge responsibility of the freight forwarder (also known as a "transportation intermediary"), who, as the shipper's agent and/or indirect carrier must make a variety of decisions, prepare complex documents, and coordinate all the rest of the "players" in order to deliver a shipment reliably, on time and at a competitive cost. What knowledge and skills should a freight forwarder have? What are our objectives in taking this course?
(Estimated study time: 55 minutes)
- Introduction
- The Freight Forwarding Profession
- Our Professional Mandate
- Our Focus: Customer Need Determines Transportation Solution
- Competitive Advantage
- Performance vs. Cost
- Our Work and Learning Challenges
- Learning Perspective
- Subject Matter Organization
- Subject Matter Repetition
Overview of Freight Forwarder Services
This second lesson introduces the traditional as well as expanded functions of a "freight forwarder".
(Estimated study time: 49 minutes)
- Introduction
- Freight Forwarder Functions and Opportunities
- Traditional Single Mode Expertise
- Through Intermodal Surface Transportation
- Through Airfreight Transportation
- Delivery Terms (Trade Terms) Determine Extent of Through Transportation
- Multimodal Expertise Now an Imperative
Cargo Transportation—Basic Concepts and Issues
(Estimated study time: 45 minutes)
- Introduction
- Cargo Transportation—Basic Concepts and Issues
- Physical Movement—Visualize What Will Happen
- Cargo Security/Safety
- Predictable Destination (Delivery Point)
- Predictable Departure and Arrival Times
- Predictable Cost or Alternative Cost
- Making it Happen: Transportation Modes, Carriers and Expertise
- What is a Cargo Transportation Carrier?
Cargo Transportation Modes, Beginning with Inland and Intra-Coastal Waterways
In this lesson we begin an overview of the primary modes of cargo transportation, beginning with inland waterway.
Regardless of which transportation modes we may have a particular interest in based on our current work or job assignment, everyone involved in cargo routing, carrier selection or cargo documentation should have at least a basic understanding of the comparative characteristics, advantages and limitations of all commercial modes. This is especially true of anyone involved in routing intermodal movements and/or determining which combination of transport modes should be used in meeting specific shipment needs.
(Estimated study time: 20 minutes)
- Introduction
- Inland Waterway and Intra-Coastal (Short-Sea) Transportation
- History
- Advantages of Inland Waterway and Inter-Coastal (Short Sea) Transportation
- Disadvantages/Limitations of Inland Waterway Transportation
Deep Sea (Ocean) Transportation and Shipping
This lesson provides an overview of deep sea transportation, otherwise known as ocean shipping, also an ancient mode of commercial transportation growing out of man's experience with inter-coastal water navigation and improved boat building.
(Estimated study time: 42 minutes)
- Introduction
- Deep Sea (Ocean) Transportation and Shipping
- History
- Advantages of Deep Sea Transportation
- Disadvantages/Limitations of Deep Sea Transportation
- New Options in Ocean Cargo Transportation
Cargo Transportation Modes: Rail Transportation
This lesson addresses the history of rail transportation, and compares the advantages and limitations of this mode vs. other modes.
(Estimated study time: 20 minutes)
- Introduction
- Rail Transportation
- History
- Advantages of Rail Transportation
- Disadvantages/Limitations of Rail Transportation
Truck and Air Transportation; Cost Comparisons Among Modes
(Estimated study time: 40 minutes)
- Introduction
- Truck Transportation (Motor Carriers)
- History
- Advantages of Truck Transportation
- Disadvantages/Limitations of Truck Transportation
- Air Cargo Transportation
- History
- Advantages of Airfreight
- Disadvantages/Limitations of Airfreight
- Other Mode Carriers
- Cost Comparison of Cargo Transportation Modes
Cargo Transportation Trends as Part of Broader Logistics Services
This lesson addresses long-term and recent trends in cargo transportation as it relates to the services of cargo consolidators, integrated carriers, and 3PLs (door-to-door logistics).
(Estimated study time: 47 minutes)
- Introduction
- Cargo Transportation Trends as Part of Broader Logistics Services
- History of Multimodal Indirect Carriers (Consolidators & Door-to-Door)
- The Single Source "Door-to-Door" Logistics
- Recent Industry Trends—Forwarders Extending Scope of Services
- Current Logistics Services in Response to Shipper (Customer) Preferences
- Seamless Logistics and Information Systems
Shipper-to-Carrier Relationship
This lesson defines the three alternative types of relationship between cargo transportation carriers and shipper.
(Estimated study time: 1 hour 8 minutes)
- Introduction
- Shipper-to-Carrier Relationship
- Common Carriage
- General
- Tariffs and Common Carriage
- Carrier Liability Terms/Limits
- Contract Carriage
- General
- Common Carriage Masquerading as Contract Carriage
- Private Carriage
- Services In Addition to Carriage
Direct vs. Indirect Carriage; Carrier-to-Carrier Relationships; Freight Forwarders
In this lesson we explain and differentiate between direct carriage provided by asset-operating carriers (e.g., shipping lines operating vessels, airline, truck operators), and indirect carriage in which freight forwarders issue their own contracts of carriage to shippers. This enables forwarders to provide several value-added services that a shipper would not typically receive from a direct carrier, and particularly on small shipment. Indirect carriage plays a prominent role in ocean, air and through intermodal movement.
(Estimated study time: 1 hour 8 minutes)
- Introduction
- Direct vs. Indirect Carriage
- General
- Direct Carriage
- Indirect Carriage
- Indirect Carrier Terms and Conditions; Carrier Liability
- Direct and Indirect Carriage Combinations
- Carrier-to-Carrier Arrangements
- Co-Loading
- Substituted Service
- Cargo Pooling/Joint Services
- Sub-Contracting of Conveyances/Conveyance Operators
- Freight Forwarders, Indirect Carriers, Integrated Carriers, Substitute Services
Transportation Carrier Regulation; Tariffs
This lesson provides an overview of the various forms of regulation which govern and/or affect commercial cargo transportation. Although economic regulation of cargo transportation in the U.S. has greatly declined, regulation of commercial practices remains for certain modes, and safety-related regulation has increased.
(Estimated study time: 30 minutes)
- Introduction
- Types of Regulation
- General
- Purpose/Impact of Commercial Regulation
- Benefit to Carriers
- Carrier Subsidy
- Effectiveness, Compliance, and Alternatives
- Commercial Cargo Transportation Regulation—General
- Industry Self-Regulation
- Ocean Carrier Shipping Conference and Multi-Carrier Agreements
- Industry Trade Associations
Cargo Carrier Tariffs
This lesson covers the generic features, distinct sections and typical content of cargo transportation tariffs.
(Estimated study time: 58 minutes)
- Introduction
- Carrier Tariffs—General
- Tariffs & Common Carriage
- Tariff Format—General
- Table of Contents
- Rules Section
- Commodity/Class Index
- Rate Section(s)
- Shared Tariff Arrangements
- Joint Tariff Filing
- Participation in the Tariff of Another Carrier
- Adoption by Reference
- Limitations of Shared Tariff Arrangements
Cargo Freight Rate Structures/Charges
In this lesson we take up many factors which influence cargo transportation costs (for example, transportation mode, distances involved, cargo characteristics and shipper/carrier circumstances influence cost) and rate basis (that is, type of rate, and the unit of measure on which it is computed).
(Estimated study time: 43 minutes)
- Introduction
- Cargo Metrics and Conversion Factors
- General—Weight and Cube
- Measuring Cargo
- Conversion Factors between Metric and English
- Transportation Mode
- Water Mode
- Rail Mode
- Truck Mode
- Air Mode
Additional Factors Which Influence Freight Rates
This lesson continues the topic of how cargo transportation costs are affected by what is being shipped, distance, and special handling requirements and, of course, mode of transportation.
(Estimated study time: 51 minutes)
- Introduction
- Geographical Routes/Routing Options
- Commodity
- Total Shipment Size and/or Weight
- Cargo Density
- Cargo Packaging/Configuration
- Shipper Circumstances and Volume of Cargo Shipped
- Carrier and Carrier Combinations
Ocean and Intermodal Freight Rates & Charges
In this lesson we continue our coverage of transportation rates and accessorial charges. Cargo carriers of all modes tend to use the same basic types of rates: commodity rates, class rates, combination rates, and/or lump-sum full-vehicle rates (for example, container rates, FTL or carload/piggyback rates).
(Estimated study time: 50 minutes)
- Introduction
- Commodity Rates
- Class Rates
- Through Intermodal Rates
Ocean and Intermodal Freight Rates & Charges, cont.
This lesson focuses freight charges used in ocean and through intermodal transportation involving ocean mode.
(Estimated study time: 45 minutes)
- Add-on or Component Rates
- Other/Special Purpose Rates
- Accessorial Charges
- Conference Rates/Tariffs
- VOCC-Shipper Service Contracts
- Ocean Forwarder/NVO-Shipper Contracts
Types of Rates/Charges Used in Air Cargo Transportation
This lesson focuses freight charges used air cargo transportation.
(Estimated study time: 1 hour 23 minutes)
- Introduction
- Types of Rates/Charges used in Air Cargo Transportation
- History of Air Cargo Rate Structure
- Types of Air Cargo Rates & Precedence of Rates
- Air Cargo Chargeable Weight (International); Actual vs. Volume Weight
- Add-on or Component Rates
- Container Rates
- Other/Special Purpose Rates
- Surcharges
- Accessorial Charges
Types of Rates/Charges Used in Rail & Truck Transportation; Forwarder Rates
In this final lesson of our course we continue our coverage of transportation rates and accessorial charges by identifying and describing types of rates commonly used in truck and rail transportation.
(Estimated study time: 54 minutes)
- Introduction
- Type of Rates/Charges Used in Truck/Rail Cargo Transportation
- Class Rates
- Commodity Rates
- Rail Intermodal "Plan" Rates/Service Codes
- Other/Special Purpose Rates
- Through and Add-on or Component Rates
- Accessorial Charges
- Shippers' Agents, Domestic Indirect Carriers
- Freight Forwarders, Indirect Carriers, Integrated Carriers, Substitute Services